在角色扮演中探索生涯规划
据上观新闻报道，近日，随着老师清脆的一声“开始”，上海市政立路小学三年级的孩子们纷纷冲到操场上的课程摊位上——一学期一次的生涯课程嘉年华活动开始啦。老师们的课程摊位一字排开，“配音师”“游戏设计师”“主持人”“小侦探”……琳琅满目的课程让孩子们目不暇接。
“让孩子学会做人生中的第一次选择”，是这所小学开设生涯课程嘉年华的初衷。孩子可以选择心仪的老师和课程，然后用8课时的时间完成实践，掌握一项小小的技能。这些为孩子精心设计创设的生涯发展课程，融合劳动、美术、体育、数学、英语等各学科，成为学校全员参与的跨学科系统课程。可以说，这种课程模拟了真实的职业情境，有助于引导孩子关注个人兴趣，思考个人未来的发展。
对中小学生来说，生涯发展教育的关键是为他们提供多样性的职业体验。学生只有在亲身体验中，才能建立认知、明确感受，进而作出自己初步的职业选择。上海这所小学的生涯课程很受孩子喜爱，表明这种探索是有价值的。
教育部印发的《中小学综合实践活动课程指导纲要》将中小学综合实践活动课程列入必修课程，同时将职业体验列为综合实践活动的主要方式及其关键要素之一。生涯发展教育在小学阶段应侧重启蒙，让孩子对一些职业有初步的了解，从而了解自己的兴趣。
目前，我国基础教育阶段的生涯发展教育还有很大的提升空间。例如，很多高中生在高中选科时只是根据成绩，鲜有对职业领域和工作内容的认知。到高考填报志愿阶段时，不少学生倍感焦虑、四处求教，被一些志愿填报机构割了韭菜，有的学生上了大学后才发现兴趣与专业方向不符。还有一些学生大学毕业后，还存在职场准备不足的问题，不清楚自己究竟想要从事或者适合怎样的职业。
在基础教育阶段，生涯发展教育应该得到更多的重视，也应该有更多系统的设计。就此来看，上海这所小学已连续五年开展职业生涯教育课程，是难能可贵的探索实践。生涯发展教育是一项系统工程，不是靠某门课程或者某个时段的临时突击、临阵磨枪就能起到好的效果。就学校层面来看，课程设置、师资配备等，需要科学设计、有效保障。而在学校之外，政府相关部门、企业乃至家庭的共同参与也必不可少。当下，某些学校的积极探索固然值得肯定，而更为紧要的一步，则是系统、细致的顶层设计。
（作者系媒体评论员）
作者：茅亩
《中国教育报》2024年11月21日 第02版 版名：评论·时评
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