教育部：中小学应每学期开展食品安全及满意度测评
为切实加强中小学校园食品安全和膳食经费管理，近日，教育部印发了《中小学校园食品安全和膳食经费管理工作指引》(以下简称《指引》)，聚焦校园餐关键领域和薄弱环节，细化操作流程和规范标准，进一步提升校园食品安全和膳食经费管理规范化、精细化、科学化水平。
《指引》对学校主体责任提出明确要求
学校应明确食品安全管理机构，建立由校领导、后勤部门负责人、财务部门负责人、教师代表、学生代表、家长代表等组成的食堂管理领导小组，每学期至少一次研究部署学校食品安全工作。
学校应严格规范执行陪餐制度，有条件的中小学应建立家长陪餐制度。
学校每学期应面向师生和家长分别组织开展一次食品安全及满意度测评，对供餐质量、价格、卫生、服务态度等进行全面评价，及时查缺补漏，改进管理，提升质量，并将意见及整改情况向师生和家长反馈。
学校应通过电话、信箱、电子邮箱、微信群等形式，畅通食品安全投诉举报渠道，听取师生家长对食堂、外购食品以及其他有关食品安全的意见、建议，如实记录，分类及时处理，不拖延、不塞责、不敷衍。
学校应成立校园膳食监督家长委员会，发挥家长监督作用，保障家长参与招标采购、陪餐用餐、质量评价、安全检查、收支公开等重大事项监督。
《指引》对学校食品采购、加工、配送等关键环节管理进行规定
学校食堂采购食品及原料应遵循安全、健康、符合营养需求的原则。有条件的学校，蔬菜应当天配送，肉类全部确保新鲜。
学校应建立食材供货者评价和退出机制，自行或委托具备资质的第三方机构定期对供货者的食品安全状况等进行评价，及时更换不符合要求的供货者。
学校食堂不得制售冷荤类食品、生食类食品、裱花蛋糕，不得加工四季豆、鲜黄花菜、野生蘑菇、发芽土豆等高风险食品。用于原料、半成品、成品的工用具和容器应分开使用，荤素、生熟应严格区分，并有明显区分标识。
不得将食品与有毒有害物品混装配送，运输食品和运输有毒有害物品的车辆不得混用。食品配送车辆专用，配备符合条件的加热保温设备或装置，确保热食成品在运输过程中的保存温度保持60℃以上。
《指引》对不同供餐方式提出明确要求
具备条件的中小学食堂原则上采用自营方式供餐。
食堂对外承包或委托经营的，应以招投标等方式公开选择依法取得食品经营许可、能承担食品安全责任、社会信誉良好的餐饮服务单位或者符合条件的餐饮管理单位，并每学期至少开展一次综合评价。
不具备建设食堂条件的中小学校，可通过从配餐企业订餐的形式，解决学生集中就餐需求，保障食品安全与营养健康。
校外供餐管理应通过公开招标等公开竞争方式确定，严格落实准入、考核评价和退出机制。
《指引》对伙食费收取提出明确要求
学校收取伙食费应积极推行网上缴费方式，由学生家长或学生直接将伙食费缴入学校指定的银行账户，不得转入个人账户，不得公款私存。伙食费不得由老师、家委会、食堂管理领导小组等集体或个人收取。
实行配餐或托餐方式供餐的中小学校，伙食费可由学校统一收取并按照代收费管理。收取的伙食费上交学校指定银行账户。严禁任何部门、单位和个人以任何理由截留、挤占、挪用伙食费资金。
教职工在学生食堂就餐，应按照与学生同菜同价原则，据实缴纳伙食费，不得侵占学生利益。
《指引》明确对不同情形的追责问责
违规操作致使师生人身遭受损害：由学校主管部门给予警告或者记过处分；情节较重的，应给予降低岗位等级或者撤职处分；情节严重的，应给予开除处分；构成犯罪的，依法移送司法机关处理。(依据：《学校食品安全与营养健康管理规定》第五十八条)
对发生食品安全事故，擅离职守或者不按规定报告、不采取措施处置或者处置不力：由学校主管部门给予警告或者记过处分；情节较重的，应给予降低岗位等级或者撤职处分；情节严重的，应给予开除处分；构成犯罪的，依法移送司法机关处理。(依据：《学校食品安全与营养健康管理规定》第五十八条)
隐瞒、谎报、缓报食品安全事故：由学校主管部门会同有关部门视情节给予食品安全管理直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人相应的处分；构成犯罪的，依法移送司法机关处理。(依据：《学校食品安全与营养健康管理规定》第五十九条)
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